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	<title>Comments on: You cannot copyright a Tweet</title>
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		<title>By: Jeffrey Zeldman</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52968</link>
		<dc:creator>Jeffrey Zeldman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 19:48:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52968</guid>
		<description>I believe everything has now been said that needed to be said. Thanks, everyone, for a great discussion. I feel smarter than I was 36 hours ago. Peace.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I believe everything has now been said that needed to be said. Thanks, everyone, for a great discussion. I feel smarter than I was 36 hours ago. Peace.</p>
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		<title>By: Jeffrey Zeldman</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52964</link>
		<dc:creator>Jeffrey Zeldman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 19:16:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52964</guid>
		<description>Dear Richard Allen:

Had you read the comments here, you wouldn&#039;t have had to write your blog post. Although it is a nice post, and well-written. 

You are an attorney and I am not, but your post, like the very similar comments it echoes here, does not prove that Tweets *are* copyrighted or *can be* copyrighted. It only proves that neither you nor I can make blanket assertions with as high a degree of confidence as my headline implies.

Some short statements can be copyrighted. I said so in my post and in comments and you say so (with greater authority) in your post.

Such copyrights *might* apply to certain statements published via Twitter. I agree with you.

Are all Tweets copyrighted upon publication? No one has proved anything like that. As I&#039;ve said a few times here now, I think it will only be proven in case law. 
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Richard Allen:</p>
<p>Had you read the comments here, you wouldn&#8217;t have had to write your blog post. Although it is a nice post, and well-written. </p>
<p>You are an attorney and I am not, but your post, like the very similar comments it echoes here, does not prove that Tweets *are* copyrighted or *can be* copyrighted. It only proves that neither you nor I can make blanket assertions with as high a degree of confidence as my headline implies.</p>
<p>Some short statements can be copyrighted. I said so in my post and in comments and you say so (with greater authority) in your post.</p>
<p>Such copyrights *might* apply to certain statements published via Twitter. I agree with you.</p>
<p>Are all Tweets copyrighted upon publication? No one has proved anything like that. As I&#8217;ve said a few times here now, I think it will only be proven in case law.</p>
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		<title>By: Richard Allen</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52960</link>
		<dc:creator>Richard Allen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 18:35:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52960</guid>
		<description>I just wrote a blog post debunking this assertion that &quot;you cannot copyright a tweet.&quot; Not only does this blog post misstate copyright law, it also misstates trademark law. Hopefully this will help:

http://www.95years.com/2010/02/26/can-you-copyright-your-tweets/</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I just wrote a blog post debunking this assertion that &#8220;you cannot copyright a tweet.&#8221; Not only does this blog post misstate copyright law, it also misstates trademark law. Hopefully this will help:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.95years.com/2010/02/26/can-you-copyright-your-tweets/">http://www.95years.com/2010/02/26/can-you-copyright-your-tweets/</a></p>
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		<title>By: Can You Copyright Your Tweets? &#124; 95years</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52956</link>
		<dc:creator>Can You Copyright Your Tweets? &#124; 95years</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 17:39:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52956</guid>
		<description>[...] Grady (@rossgrady) just alerted me to a blog post by graphic designer Jeffrey Zeldman that&#8217;s generating discussion on Twitter today. Zeldman assures his readers that they [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Grady (@rossgrady) just alerted me to a blog post by graphic designer Jeffrey Zeldman that&#8217;s generating discussion on Twitter today. Zeldman assures his readers that they [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Berserk</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52953</link>
		<dc:creator>Berserk</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 17:15:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52953</guid>
		<description>One point that have been mentioned implicitly in this discussion is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold_of_originality&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;threshold of originality&lt;/a&gt;. Now, I&#039;m not from the US, but here in Sweden the equivalent concept is the main rule that determines the copyrightability of a work, and not the length (or shortness) of it. (Of course, originality is easier to achieve on a longer work than on a short.)

Based on that, I would guess that Schwartz&#039;s haiku-tweet would be automatically copyrighted (or very possible for his legal representation to enforce copyright on, should he wish it), while your example tweet hopefully would not..

But IANAL and this is just a WAG and I don&#039;t tweet so I don&#039;t care :).

(But if I did I would do as you and assume that anyone might do anything with whatever I twat/tweeted.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One point that have been mentioned implicitly in this discussion is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold_of_originality" rel="nofollow">threshold of originality</a>. Now, I&#8217;m not from the US, but here in Sweden the equivalent concept is the main rule that determines the copyrightability of a work, and not the length (or shortness) of it. (Of course, originality is easier to achieve on a longer work than on a short.)</p>
<p>Based on that, I would guess that Schwartz&#8217;s haiku-tweet would be automatically copyrighted (or very possible for his legal representation to enforce copyright on, should he wish it), while your example tweet hopefully would not..</p>
<p>But IANAL and this is just a WAG and I don&#8217;t tweet so I don&#8217;t care :).</p>
<p>(But if I did I would do as you and assume that anyone might do anything with whatever I twat/tweeted.)</p>
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		<title>By: Cecil</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52945</link>
		<dc:creator>Cecil</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:40:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52945</guid>
		<description>Copyright twitter?
Never! Says Jeffrey Zeldman.
We all disagree.

Copyright ©2010 by me.

The haiku is 62 characters, including punctuation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Copyright twitter?<br />
Never! Says Jeffrey Zeldman.<br />
We all disagree.</p>
<p>Copyright ©2010 by me.</p>
<p>The haiku is 62 characters, including punctuation.</p>
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		<title>By: Jeffrey Zeldman</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52941</link>
		<dc:creator>Jeffrey Zeldman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:03:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52941</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;
If tweets are too short to copyright, but one wanted to keep one’s deathless wit off a T-shirt, just post monthly summaries of your Twitter feed as single blog posts. Even better, edit out the junk each month. Those “tweet-dumps” are certainly copyrighted, so quoting any part of them (beyond fair use) would be infringement. Including on T-shirts.

Archiving tweets is probably a good idea anyway, as they’re pretty ephemeral. And Twitter will go belly-up one day, as will we all.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Excellent points, Mike Dickison.

Conversely, if one wants to allow one&#039;s Tweets to appear on a shirt, one can opt in. (All the companies I know of that allow you to put your favorite Tweet on a t-shirt will only proceed if the author of the Tweet grants approval.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>
If tweets are too short to copyright, but one wanted to keep one’s deathless wit off a T-shirt, just post monthly summaries of your Twitter feed as single blog posts. Even better, edit out the junk each month. Those “tweet-dumps” are certainly copyrighted, so quoting any part of them (beyond fair use) would be infringement. Including on T-shirts.</p>
<p>Archiving tweets is probably a good idea anyway, as they’re pretty ephemeral. And Twitter will go belly-up one day, as will we all.
</p></blockquote>
<p>Excellent points, Mike Dickison.</p>
<p>Conversely, if one wants to allow one&#8217;s Tweets to appear on a shirt, one can opt in. (All the companies I know of that allow you to put your favorite Tweet on a t-shirt will only proceed if the author of the Tweet grants approval.)</p>
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		<title>By: Jeffrey Zeldman</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52940</link>
		<dc:creator>Jeffrey Zeldman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 15:57:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52940</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;
Can one phrase consist of three sentences and a haiku?
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Excellent point! So maybe &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ34.pdf&quot;&gt;Circular 34&lt;/a&gt; from the US Copyright Office doesn&#039;t perfectly map to a Tweet, and this question will have to be answered in the courts. Until it is, some of us will guess that Tweets generally aren&#039;t copyrightable and others of us will guess the opposite.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>
Can one phrase consist of three sentences and a haiku?
</p></blockquote>
<p>Excellent point! So maybe <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ34.pdf">Circular 34</a> from the US Copyright Office doesn&#8217;t perfectly map to a Tweet, and this question will have to be answered in the courts. Until it is, some of us will guess that Tweets generally aren&#8217;t copyrightable and others of us will guess the opposite.</p>
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		<title>By: Jeffrey Zeldman</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52938</link>
		<dc:creator>Jeffrey Zeldman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 15:48:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52938</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;it sounds as though the W3C would consider putting it again later; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Right, they are.

&lt;blockquote&gt;but seeing as we’ve been waiting 10 years on CSS3 to be finalized, I would anticipate it the same way I’d anticipate California sinking into the Pacific Ocean.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Right you are! That&#039;s the unholy tragedy of it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>it sounds as though the W3C would consider putting it again later; </p></blockquote>
<p>Right, they are.</p>
<blockquote><p>but seeing as we’ve been waiting 10 years on CSS3 to be finalized, I would anticipate it the same way I’d anticipate California sinking into the Pacific Ocean.</p></blockquote>
<p>Right you are! That&#8217;s the unholy tragedy of it.</p>
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		<title>By: kelly</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52920</link>
		<dc:creator>kelly</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 09:45:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52920</guid>
		<description>Good info!  I add a few more info here...  For example if a person tweets 
RT Your tweet 
or
RT @-yourname Your tweet 

you can STILL take some form of action.  Here&#039;s how...
Write to the tweeple who did not tweet yr name correctly.  And ask them to include your name correctly within 24 hours.  Failing which, you can make a report to Twitter.  The thing is - it&#039;s now all up to Twitter management to help put tweets back to the way they&#039;re meant to be.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Good info!  I add a few more info here&#8230;  For example if a person tweets<br />
RT Your tweet<br />
or<br />
RT @-yourname Your tweet </p>
<p>you can STILL take some form of action.  Here&#8217;s how&#8230;<br />
Write to the tweeple who did not tweet yr name correctly.  And ask them to include your name correctly within 24 hours.  Failing which, you can make a report to Twitter.  The thing is &#8211; it&#8217;s now all up to Twitter management to help put tweets back to the way they&#8217;re meant to be.</p>
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		<title>By: Hear Ye! &#187; Copyright footers &#8211; what do all those words mean?</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52916</link>
		<dc:creator>Hear Ye! &#187; Copyright footers &#8211; what do all those words mean?</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 08:40:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52916</guid>
		<description>[...] A recent blog post by Zeldman boldly declares that Tweets are not copyrightable. I personally disagree. As does Arment, who also [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] A recent blog post by Zeldman boldly declares that Tweets are not copyrightable. I personally disagree. As does Arment, who also [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Berserk</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52911</link>
		<dc:creator>Berserk</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 06:00:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52911</guid>
		<description>Considering the discussion re: haikus, Jonathan Schwartz &lt;a href=&quot;http://twitter.com/OpenJonathan/status/8620937722&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;resignation tweet&lt;/a&gt; is quite interesting:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Today&#039;s my last day at Sun. I&#039;ll miss it. Seems only fitting to end on a #haiku. Financial crisis/Stalled too many customers/CEO no more&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Can &lt;i&gt;one phrase&lt;/i&gt; consist of three sentences &lt;b&gt;and&lt;/b&gt; a haiku?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Considering the discussion re: haikus, Jonathan Schwartz <a href="http://twitter.com/OpenJonathan/status/8620937722" rel="nofollow">resignation tweet</a> is quite interesting:</p>
<blockquote><p>Today&#8217;s my last day at Sun. I&#8217;ll miss it. Seems only fitting to end on a #haiku. Financial crisis/Stalled too many customers/CEO no more</p></blockquote>
<p>Can <i>one phrase</i> consist of three sentences <strong>and</strong> a haiku?</p>
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		<title>By: Natalie Jost</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52909</link>
		<dc:creator>Natalie Jost</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 04:45:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52909</guid>
		<description>I was all up in arms about this for about five minutes, not because I say anything that cool, but because I don&#039;t care for it to be splattered all around other various websites without my knowing or giving permission for it. But apparently I did.

SpencerFromLegal&lt;/strong&gt; has a good point. We all &quot;signed&quot; an agreement with Twitter to do XYZ with our tweets, so whether they are copyrightable is moot. We&#039;re all allowing Twitter to do whatever their current terms of service say they can, including give them away to anyone who knows how to hook into the API.

My question now is, does this hold true with private tweets? Can (and does) Twitter allow the use of private tweets anywhere else? At least if my tweets were private, I&#039;d know any republishing being done is by a real person (follower), which I&#039;m totally cool with.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was all up in arms about this for about five minutes, not because I say anything that cool, but because I don&#8217;t care for it to be splattered all around other various websites without my knowing or giving permission for it. But apparently I did.</p>
<p>SpencerFromLegal has a good point. We all &#8220;signed&#8221; an agreement with Twitter to do XYZ with our tweets, so whether they are copyrightable is moot. We&#8217;re all allowing Twitter to do whatever their current terms of service say they can, including give them away to anyone who knows how to hook into the API.</p>
<p>My question now is, does this hold true with private tweets? Can (and does) Twitter allow the use of private tweets anywhere else? At least if my tweets were private, I&#8217;d know any republishing being done is by a real person (follower), which I&#8217;m totally cool with.</p>
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		<title>By: John Lascurettes</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52905</link>
		<dc:creator>John Lascurettes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 04:35:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52905</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;After all browsers except IE supported it, the W3C, in its wisdom, removed the element from the spec.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
That&#039;s a shame. To the aware designer, that could be a useful tool for maintaining usable and accessible highlighting colors. I can&#039;t tell you how many times my choice of default highlight is nearly indistinguishable from some web design&#039;s background color. 

From the other &lt;a href=&quot;#comment-52844&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source material&lt;/a&gt;, it sounds as though the W3C would consider putting it again later; but seeing as we&#039;ve been waiting 10 years on CSS3 to be finalized, I would anticipate it the same way I&#039;d anticipate California sinking into the Pacific Ocean.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>After all browsers except IE supported it, the W3C, in its wisdom, removed the element from the spec.</p></blockquote>
<p>That&#8217;s a shame. To the aware designer, that could be a useful tool for maintaining usable and accessible highlighting colors. I can&#8217;t tell you how many times my choice of default highlight is nearly indistinguishable from some web design&#8217;s background color. </p>
<p>From the other <a href="#comment-52844" rel="nofollow">source material</a>, it sounds as though the W3C would consider putting it again later; but seeing as we&#8217;ve been waiting 10 years on CSS3 to be finalized, I would anticipate it the same way I&#8217;d anticipate California sinking into the Pacific Ocean.</p>
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		<title>By: Jeffrey Zeldman</title>
		<link>http://www.zeldman.com/2010/02/25/you-cannot-copyright-a-tweet/#comment-52897</link>
		<dc:creator>Jeffrey Zeldman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 02:26:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.zeldman.com/?p=3853#comment-52897</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;
Spend $100 on a copyright lawyer, and ask them to render an opinion of whether tweets are copyrightable.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Actually, we spent considerably more than that consulting an accomplished IP attorney on this subject. His legal opinion formed the basis for my post.

Might a different IP attorney come to a different conclusion? Certainly. 

It&#039;s been an interesting conversation, with reasonable and compelling arguments on both sides. 

Thanks to some of you, my opinion on the subject is now less strident, or at least a more nuanced, than it was when I wrote this post nearly fifteen hours ago. I stand by my post but the subject is inconclusive (like most law).

Thanks, everyone!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>
Spend $100 on a copyright lawyer, and ask them to render an opinion of whether tweets are copyrightable.
</p></blockquote>
<p>Actually, we spent considerably more than that consulting an accomplished IP attorney on this subject. His legal opinion formed the basis for my post.</p>
<p>Might a different IP attorney come to a different conclusion? Certainly. </p>
<p>It&#8217;s been an interesting conversation, with reasonable and compelling arguments on both sides. </p>
<p>Thanks to some of you, my opinion on the subject is now less strident, or at least a more nuanced, than it was when I wrote this post nearly fifteen hours ago. I stand by my post but the subject is inconclusive (like most law).</p>
<p>Thanks, everyone!</p>
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